Objects, Properties and Methods: JavaScript Tutorial

An object in JavaScript is a collection of attributes that collectively describe a "thing". That "thing" could be anything you want: a pencil, a person, a hat, or a car.

An object represents a single entity that can manipulate its own data and interact with the rest of your program.

Creation

Creating an object is pretty easy, you just need to determine what attributes it has, like any primitive data types, arrays, functions or other objects that make it up.

Let's create a dog object. A dog can have a name, an age, and can bark. Here's how a dog object could look like:

	const dog = {
    name: "Cooper",
    age: 3,
    bark: function () {
        console.log("BORK BORK");
    }
};

This creates a new object with the properties name, age, and bark, and initializes the variable dog to that. name is a string, age is a number, and bark is a function.

Retrieval

To retrieve data back from your object, or invoke any functions from them, you can use the dot syntax. This prints out the name and age.

	console.log(dog.name);
console.log(dog.age);

	Cooper
3

Great, we got back the data that we put in, but now what about for functions? Well for those, all you need to do is invoke the functions.

	dog.bark();

	BORK BORK

Reassignment

Assigning existing properties to a new value is very easy. Let's say you forgot your dog's birthday and he's actually 4 years old, this is how you correct that:

	dog.age = 4;

This reassigns the property age to the value 4.

If age was a property that didn't exist before, it would have created it. In other words, adding brand new properties after you created the object is as easy as this:

	dog.weight = 20;

Now your dog object has a new property weight with a value of 20.

Feel free to print out your object, which will list out all of the properties and methods that it contains.

Functions

Similar to arrays, JavaScript provides built-in functions to make working with objects easier, and below are a few of the most useful ones.

HasOwnProperty

As the name implies, the hasOwnProperty method lets you check if an object has a property or not. It's useful for checking if an object has a property that you're looking for.

	const dog = {
    name: "Cooper",
    age: 3,
    bark: function () {
        console.log("BORK BORK");
    }
};

console.log(dog.hasOwnProperty("name"));
console.log(dog.hasOwnProperty("weight"));

	true
false

Because dog has a name but not a weight, the first method call returned true and the second returned false.

Keys

If instead of checking a single key you want all the keys, use the keys method. This method returns an array containing all of the object's keys.

	const dog = {
    name: "Cooper",
    age: 3,
    bark: function () {
        console.log("BORK BORK");
    }
};

console.log(Object.keys(dog));

	["name", "age", "bark"]

Values

If you want to get back all the values of an object instead of the keys, there's the values method. This method returns an array containing all the values of the JavaScript object.

	const dog = {
    name: "Cooper",
    age: 3,
    bark: function () {
        console.log("BORK BORK");
    }
};

console.log(Object.values(dog));

	["Cooper", 3, ƒ]

The ƒ there is representing the bark function.

Entries

Finally, if you just want both the keys and the values of an object, you can retrieve all the entries using the entries function.

	const dog = {
    name: "Cooper",
    age: 3,
    bark: function () {
        console.log("BORK BORK");
    }
};

const entries = Object.entries(dog);
console.log(entries);

	0: ["name", "Cooper"]
1: ["age", 3]
2: ["bark", ƒ]

You can use entries to iterate over the object's keys and values.

	const dog = {
    name: "Cooper",
    age: 3,
    bark: function () {
        console.log("BORK BORK");
    }
};

for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(dog)) {
    console.log(`${key}: ${value}`);
}